Species data
Eastern Cottonwood
Populus deltoides - a hardwood from central and eastern United States. Also sold as cottonwood, eastern poplar.
Properties at a glance
| Janka hardness | 430 lbf |
| Stiffness (MOE) | 1,370,000 psi |
| Specific gravity | 0.45 |
| Density | 28.1 lb/ft3 (450 kg/m3) |
| Weight per board foot | 2.34 lb |
| Shrinkage, green to oven-dry | 9.2% tangential / 3.9% radial |
| Indicative price | $3.00 per board foot (estimated) |
Values are at about 12% moisture content. Density is specific gravity times 62.4; a board foot is one twelfth of a cubic foot, so weight per board foot is that density divided by twelve. Anything marked estimated is our own figure, not a measured one.
How Eastern Cottonwood compares
Measured against the 113 solid woods in this database: it is harder than 10% of them, heavier than 19%, and stiffer than 25%. Soft enough to dent in service - worth knowing before using it for a worktop or a floor.
What that means in the shop
A 4/4 board 8 inches wide and 8 feet long is 5.33 board feet, so in Eastern Cottonwood it weighs about 12.5 lb. A stack of ten is 125 lb - worth knowing before you load a rack or a car.
Against red oak, the trade's usual yardstick at 1,220 lbf, Eastern Cottonwood is about 35% as hard and 64% as heavy.
Its shrinkage is 9.2% tangential against 3.9% radial, a ratio of 2.4 to 1. The wider that ratio, the more unevenly a flatsawn board moves across its width as humidity changes, and the more it wants to cup; anything near or above 2 to 1 is worth quartersawing or restraining for panels and wide tops. This one sits in that range.
Woods of similar hardness
Closest to Eastern Cottonwood on hardness in this database: Black Willow (430 lbf), Bigtooth Aspen (420 lbf), American Basswood (410 lbf), Noble Fir (410 lbf). Similar hardness does not mean similar behaviour - check density and movement before substituting one for another.
Working with it
Workability. Easy to cut, but keen blades prevent fuzz; grips nails weakly, warps while drying; finishes and glues well
Durability. Non-durable, and an easy target for boring insects
Typical uses. boxes, crates, veneer, plywood, utility lumber.
Related calculators
Sources
MOE, SG (12% MC), Janka and shrinkage from The Wood Database (cites USDA FPL Wood Handbook). Uses, region, durability and workability summarized from The Wood Database. Eastern Cottonwood is not listed in the FPL/Hoadley dimensional change coefficient table (Popular Woodworking reproduction), so CT/CR are omitted. Price indicative.
These calculators are for planning and estimation. Engineering results (shelf sag, wood movement) use published average material properties; real boards vary by grade, grain, moisture and defects. Verify load-bearing designs with a professional.