Species data
Hard Maple
Acer saccharum - a hardwood . Also sold as sugar maple, rock maple.
Properties at a glance
| Janka hardness | 1,450 lbf |
| Stiffness (MOE) | 1,830,000 psi |
| Specific gravity | 0.71 |
| Density | 44.3 lb/ft3 (710 kg/m3) |
| Weight per board foot | 3.69 lb |
| Shrinkage, green to oven-dry | 9.9% tangential / 4.8% radial |
| Movement coefficient (CT / CR) | 0.00353 / 0.00165 |
| Indicative price | $7.00 per board foot (estimated) |
Values are at about 12% moisture content. Density is specific gravity times 62.4; a board foot is one twelfth of a cubic foot, so weight per board foot is that density divided by twelve. Anything marked estimated is our own figure, not a measured one.
How Hard Maple compares
Measured against the 113 solid woods in this database: it is harder than 65% of them, heavier than 62%, and stiffer than 73%.
What that means in the shop
A 4/4 board 8 inches wide and 8 feet long is 5.33 board feet, so in Hard Maple it weighs about 19.7 lb. A stack of ten is 197 lb - worth knowing before you load a rack or a car.
Against red oak, the trade's usual yardstick at 1,220 lbf, Hard Maple is about 1.2x as hard and 1.01x as heavy.
Its shrinkage is 9.9% tangential against 4.8% radial, a ratio of 2.1 to 1. The wider that ratio, the more unevenly a flatsawn board moves across its width as humidity changes, and the more it wants to cup; anything near or above 2 to 1 is worth quartersawing or restraining for panels and wide tops. This one sits in that range.
Woods of similar hardness
Closest to Hard Maple on hardness in this database: European Beech (1,450 lbf), Willow Oak (1,460 lbf), Lyptus (1,420 lbf), Pin Oak (1,500 lbf). Similar hardness does not mean similar behaviour - check density and movement before substituting one for another.
Related calculators
Sources
- The Wood Database - Hard Maple
- Dimensional change coefficient table (USDA FPL Wood Handbook, Table 13-5; values per Hoadley, Understanding Wood)
MOE, shrinkage, Janka, and SG from The Wood Database (which cites the USDA FPL Wood Handbook). CT/CR from USDA FPL Wood Handbook Table 13-5 (Maple, sugar). Price indicative only.
These calculators are for planning and estimation. Engineering results (shelf sag, wood movement) use published average material properties; real boards vary by grade, grain, moisture and defects. Verify load-bearing designs with a professional.